The Fatal Strain Read online

  viral features. See genetics, bird flu virus; mutation of virus

  bird flu transmission

  and agricultural practices

  from China

  and cockfighting

  and droppings

  and ducks

  and family clusters

  and globalization

  home-raised poultry risk

  human-to-human. See human-to-human transmission

  live poultry markets

  merit birds risk

  out of Asia

  preventing. See prevention

  and smuggled birds

  species barrier broken

  and swans

  See also specific countries

  birds, wild, and flu viruses

  Black Death. See bubonic plague

  brain, viral attack of

  Brown, Dr. Caroline

  Brudon, Pascale

  bubonic plague

  origin and spread of

  Buddhist custom, merit birds

  Byrne, David

  Cambodia

  bird flu outbreak

  merit birds, dangers of

  poultry infection, first report

  rapid-response system

  Sovann, work of

  Tonle Sap

  Canada, SARS misdiagnosis

  Cantlie, James

  Captan Boonmanut

  Centers for Disease Control (CDC). See specific persons by name

  Fukuda at

  H5N1 investigation

  International Emerging Infections Program

  Uyeki at

  Vietnam investigation

  Chan, Anson

  Chan, Dr. Margaret

  culling ordered by

  H5N1 investigation

  and Indonesia sample sharing conflict

  as SARS inquiry victim

  at WHO

  Chan Man-kei

  Charoen Pokphand

  Cheng, Maria

  Cheung Sha Wan

  chicken farming

  agricultural practices, risky

  chicken hotels

  preventing epidemic. See prevention

  Thailand, growth of

  U.S., disease prevention

  See also poultry

  China

  amantadine, illegal use of

  bird flu outbreak (2004)

  and bubonic plague

  H5N1 outbreak (1997)

  H5N1 spread from

  as influenza epicenter

  market reforms, impact of

  meat output

  poultry infections, reports of

  Qinghai Lake/Bird Island outbreak

  research, attack on

  SARS

  SARS containment

  secrecy about outbreaks

  whistleblowers, punishment of

  WHO, lack of cooperation with

  See also Hong Kong

  Chinese flu (1888)

  cholera

  Chulalongkorn University

  civets, and SARS

  cockfighting

  and disease transmission

  historical view

  Indonesia

  restriction, difficulty of

  roosters, culling

  roosters, devastation by flu

  Thailand

  Vietnam

  computer simulations, of flu pandemic

  Corlett, Richard

  Cornaro, Markus

  Coronavirus

  Cox, Dr. Nancy

  cruise ships, outbreaks on

  CSL Limited

  culling

  cullers, lack of infection to

  Hong Kong

  Thailand

  Vietnam

  Cultural Revolution

  cytokine storm

  Dakun (witch doctor)

  Death Railway

  De Jong, Jan

  Delgado, Christopher

  dengue fever

  Dharma, Dr. Surya

  diagnosis

  antibody tests

  flu test inaccuracy

  Western blot

  Diamond, Jared

  disinfection procedure

  Domenech, Joseph

  Dongmen Market

  drug-resistance

  humans

  and mutation

  and vaccination programs

  drugs

  overseas manufacture of

  See also drug-resistance; Tamiflu; vaccination

  ducks

  agricultural practices, risky

  and bird flu transmission

  duck blood, recipe with

  East Asia

  chicken farming, rise of

  economic boom

  Ebola virus

  economic costs, of influenza pandemic

  Egypt, bird flu outbreak

  emergency preparedness

  globalization, impact on

  rapid-response system, Cambodia

  and speed of infection

  Tamiflu, use of

  U.S., limitations of

  U.S., system for

  ventilators, requirements

  WHO guidelines

  epidemiologists

  dangers of infection to

  field versus lab

  information gathering methods

  protective garments

  puzzling scenarios

  small animals, testing of

  See also specific persons by name

  Europe, transmission to

  false negatives

  false positives

  family clusters

  Ferguson, Neil M.

  flu and flu pandemic. See entries under influenza and bird flu

  Franklin, Benjamin

  Fukuda, Dr. Keiji

  CDC, role at

  H5N1 investigation

  personal characteristics of

  professional credentials

  on rapid response

  SARS investigation

  on U.S. health care system

  Vietnam investigations

  as WHO influenza chief

  GenBank

  Gendreau, Mark A.

  genetics, bird flu virus

  and family clusters

  intermediate hosts

  PCR testing

  pedigree of virus, tracing

  RNA viruses, flu as

  species barrier, breaking

  swine flu, development of

  See also mutation of virus

  Ginting, Dowes

  bird flu tracked to

  transmission, source of

  witch doctor, interventions

  Ginting, Dr. Diana E.

  Ginting, Jones

  Ginting, Rintang Boru

  Ginting, Sanita

  Global Influenza Surveillance Network

  globalization

  and agricultural practices, risky

  emergency preparedness, impact on

  and spread/speed of transmission

  Govorkova, Elena A.

  Greenfield, Karl Taro

  Grein, Dr. Tom

  epidemiology investigations

  Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases (China)

  H1N1. See also swine flu

  H5N1

  China, origin and spread from

  China outbreak (1997)

  culturing

  Fujian-like subtype

  Hong Kong outbreak

  human-to-human transmission

  immune response to

  initial identification of

  mammals, transmission to

  mortality predictions

  mortality rate

  pandemic risk

  progression of infection

  resurgence patterns

  species barrier broken

  swine flu, relationship to

  Thailand outbreak

  victims, age of

  Vietnam outbreak

  virulence of

  H7s

  H9N2

  global spread of

  pandemic
risk

  protective to poultry

  Hall, Dr. Julie

  hemagglutinin

  Heymann, Dr. David

  Hien, Dr. Nguyen Tran

  HIV-AIDS, as pandemic

  Hong Kong

  Ap Lei Chau cases

  bird flu strain. See H5N1

  Chan investigation of

  Chinese flu (1888)

  culling

  first report of illness

  flu victims, symptoms

  Fukuda investigation of

  as global city

  impact of flu on

  Lam Hoi-ka, infection of

  medical tests/treatment, refusal of

  merit birds, dangers of

  pandemic, aversion of

  plague (1894)

  poultry, devestation of

  SARS outbreak/spread

  second case

  transmission, points of origin

  wet markets, perils of

  Hong Kong flu (1968)

  victims, age of

  Horby, Dr. Peter

  Thailand investigation

  Vietnam investigation

  Horvath, Dr. John

  hospitals, emergency preparedness, lack of

  humans, signs and symptoms. See diagnosis; symptoms

  human-to-human transmission

  contagion and stage of illness

  dangers of

  first case

  and Indonesia outbreak

  and mutation of virus

  SARS

  and Thailand outbreak

  and Vietnam outbreaks

  Hygeia

  immune response

  to H5N1

  to Spanish flu strains

  Indonesia

  chickens, significance to people

  cockfighting

  economic boom

  flu victims, symptoms

  Ginting family outbreak

  H5N1, spread from China

  home-raised poultry, dangers of

  human fatalities, first

  human-to-human transmission

  locals, tests/treatment, refusal of

  locals’ denial of flu

  magic

  and pandemic risk

  poultry, devastation of

  poultry infection, first report

  prevention, neglect of

  secrecy about outbreaks

  tests/treatment, refusal of

  transmission, points of origin

  Uyeki investigation

  WHO, lack of cooperation with

  WHO actions

  witch doctors

  influenza pandemics

  Asian flu (1957)

  China as epicenter

  computer simulations of

  conditions for

  economic costs

  globalization, impact on

  H5N1 risk

  H9N2 risk

  halting, ingredients for

  Hong Kong flu (1968)

  and Indonesia

  inevitability of

  mild, impact on population

  pandemic risk (2005), investigation of

  pandemic risk (2005), Vietnam

  Spanish flu (1918)

  swine flu as unpredictable

  U.S emergency preparedness, lack of

  victims, age of

  influenza virus

  and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

  A and B types

  cellular attack, mechanisms of

  first recorded outbreak

  flu test inaccuracy

  genetic factors. See genetics, bird flu virus; mutation of virus

  seasonal. See seasonal flu

  spread, factors in

  International Emerging Infections Program, of CDC,

  International Health Regulations

  Japfa Comfeed

  Jatinegara Market

  Jennings, Dr. Lance

  Jeremijenko, Andrew

  Jia Youling

  Karo, Manajus Boru

  Komsan Fakhorm

  Kramat Jati Market

  Krisana Hoonsin

  Kumnuan Ungchusak, Dr.

  Ky, Van Dang

  Lam Hoi-ka

  H5N1 infection

  transmission of flu to

  Laos, poultry infection, first report

  Legionnaires’ disease

  Liem, Nguyen Thanh

  Lim, Dr. Wilina

  Liu Jianlun

  live poultry markets, as infection source

  livestock revolution, economic impact of

  Longini, Ira M., Jr.

  Lubis, Dr. Nur Rasyid

  lungs, viral attack of

  Madagascar, flu outbreak

  magic

  Begu Ganjang, conjuring of

  and medicine. See witch doctors

  Mai, Dr. Le Thi Quynh

  Malaysia

  economic boom

  spread of disease to

  Manh Thang

  Marburg hemorrhagic fever

  Marek’s disease

  Mariner, Jeffrey

  Marriott, Edward

  medicine men. See witch doctors

  merit birds

  mutation of virus

  and agricultural practices

  antigenic drift/antigenic shift

  and drug-resistance

  genetic reassortment

  and human-to-human transmission

  influenza virus

  and livestock revolution

  Vietnam outbreak (2005), novel strain

  virus, strengthening of

  See also genetics, bird flu virus

  Nabarro, David

  Naipospos, Tri Satya Putri

  Nam, Hoai

  Nanshan Zhong, Dr.

  Naresuan, king of Thailand

  Narti, Made

  National Pediatric Hospital (Vietnam)

  Naval Medical Research Unit 2 (NAMRU-2)

  neuraminidase

  Newin Chidchob

  New Territories

  Ngoan, Nguyen Thi

  Nicoll, Dr. Angus

  Nidom, Chairul A.

  Nigeria, bird flu outbreak

  Nik Aziz Nik Mat

  Nikon Inmaee

  Nirundorn Aungtragoolsuk

  Nirun Phitakwatchara

  Omi, Shigeru

  Orussey Market

  Oseltamivir. See Tamiflu

  Oshitani, Dr. Hitoshi

  Osterhaus, Dr. Albert

  Osterholm, Dr. Michael T.

  on emergency preparedness

  Oxford, John S.

  Palese, Dr. Peter

  pandemics

  conditions for

  HIV-AIDS

  influenza virus. See influenza pandemics

  preparedness for. See emergency preparedness

  Peiris, Malik

  Pennsylvania Hospital

  Perdue, Dr. Michael

  Phalla, Kong

  Phapart Thieuviharn

  Philadelphia, Spanish flu (1918)

  Philadelphia General Hospital

  pigs

  as intermediate hosts

  See also swine flu

  plague, origin and spread of

  Plant, Dr. Aileen

  Plummer, Dr. Frank

  politics, interference with prevention efforts

  Polo, Marco

  polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

  Potter, Dr. Ellen C.

  poultry

  agricultural practices, risky

  Asia, significance to people

  devastation by influenza

  disease transmission by. See bird flu transmission

  slaughter of. See culling

  symptoms/death

  See also chicken farming; cockfighting; ducks

  Pranee Thongchan

  Prasert Thongcharoen, Dr.

  professional credentials

  Thailand investigation

  Prasetyaningsih, Rini Dina

  Prathum Buaklee

  chicken business, development of
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  culling

  rebuilds chicken business

  prevention

  amantadine, illegal use, China

  disinfection procedure

  donations needed for

  drug-resistance issue

  failure and politics

  flu testing problem

  poultry, slaughter of. See culling

  and poultry farming practices

  scientific constraints to

  Thailand campaign

  vaccination

  Prince of Wales Hospital (Hong Kong)

  Purba, Agenda

  Qiao Songju

  Qinghai Lake/Bird Island

  quarantine, noncompliance

  Queen Elizabeth Hospital (Hong Kong)

  Queen Mary Hospital (Hong Kong)

  Rafei, Iwan Siswara

  Ram Khamheng, king of Thailand

  researchers. See epidemiologists; World Health Organization (WHO)

  Reye’s syndrome

  rice farming, Thailand

  RNA viruses, flu as

  Rodier, Guenael

  Rohland, Klaus

  Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

  RT-polymerase chain reaction

  Russian flu

  Ryan, Dr. Michael

  as Alert and Response Operations director

  epidemiology investigations

  SARS containment

  Ryan, Jordan

  Sakuntala Premphasri

  Samaan, Gina, Indonesia investigation

  Samida, Ibu

  Samrouy Buaklee

  San Francisco, plague (1894)

  Sangwan Klinhom

  SARS. See severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

  Scotland, H5N1 detected

  seasonal flu

  fatalities from

  flu outbreak (2003) in U.S.

  origin of

  progression of

  secrecy

  China

  Indonesia

  Sembiring, Tempu

  Senne, Dennis

  severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

  Canada, misdiagnosis

  China outbreak (1997)

  civets as carrier

  civets, culling

  epidemic, end of

  compared to flu

  government inquiry into investigation

  human-to-human transmission

  identification of

  transmission/speed of infection

  WHO response to

  wild-game markets, testing animals

  Yi Guan investigation

  Shantou University Medical College (China)

  Shortridge, Kennedy

  Sims, Dr. Les

  Siriraj Hospital (Thailand)

  Sitthidej Sanrin

  Slingenbergh, Jan

  smallpox

  Soendoro, Dr. Triono

  Soeroso, Dr. Luhur

  Soeroso, Dr. Santoso

  Sompao Hoonsin

  Somporn Panyastianpong

  Southeast Asia. See specific countries

  Sovann, Ly, Cambodia investigation

  Sovanratana, Khy

  Spanish flu (1918)

  dead, burial of